Type 1 & Type 2 Diabetes in Children
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in children are chronic conditions that affect how the body manages blood glucose. In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to an absolute insulin deficiency. This form of diabetes is often diagnosed in childhood and requires lifelong insulin therapy for glucose management. Symptoms of Type 1 diabetes can appear suddenly and include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss.
Type 2 diabetes, traditionally seen in adults, is now increasingly diagnosed in children due to rising rates of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. In Type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin, or the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Symptoms may develop more gradually and include increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds. Type 2 diabetes in children is managed through lifestyle modifications like a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and sometimes medication or insulin therapy.
Both types of diabetes require ongoing management and monitoring to prevent complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to maintaining health, and with proper care, children with diabetes can lead fulfilling lives.
Type 1 Diabetes Causes
- Autoimmune Reaction: The immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
- Genetics: Family history and certain genetic markers can increase the risk.
- Environmental Factors: Viral infections and other environmental triggers may play a role.
Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms:
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Fatigue and weakness
- Unexplained weight loss
- Increased hunger
- Irritability or mood changes
- Blurred vision
Type 2 Diabetes Causes:
- Insulin Resistance: The body becomes resistant to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.
- Obesity: Excess body weight, particularly around the abdomen, increases the risk.
- Family History: A family history of diabetes can elevate the risk.
- Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can contribute to weight gain and insulin resistance.
Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms:
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Slow-healing sores or frequent infections
- Dark patches on the skin, particularly in skin folds (acanthosis nigricans)
- Blurred vision
- Unintended weight loss (less common in Type 2 but can occur)